智利學生發起大規模���國抗議,要求政府改革教育制度,
訴求包括降低學費、增加政府教育支出及更公平的入學方式等。
雖偶有暴力事件傳出,但智利學生運動所表現出來的政治動能或許值得我們參考。
▲智利的蒙面學生13日在比納薩瑪市發起反政府抗議,朝鎮暴警察丟擲石塊,要求改變國家公立教育制度。(圖文/路透)
數以萬計智利學生16日在智利首都及各主要城市街頭遊行,對抗警方的水車和催淚瓦斯。這是最新一起試圖阻礙政府立法議程的示威活動。
Defying police water canon and tear gas (1), tens of thousands of students marched in Chile's capital and main cities on Thursday, the latest in a series of protests seen obstructing the government's legislative agenda.
學生們手持寫著「不要謀利(於公立教育)」的標語,要求立場中央偏右的政府改善教育水準、降低大學學費,並降低公車票卡的費用。
Carrying banners that read "Don't profit" (from public education), students demanded improved education standards, lower university fees and cheaper bus passes (2) from Chile's center-right government.
從電視上轉播的影像可以看到,在首都聖地牙哥市,有些示威者用身上穿的T恤把臉遮住,對噴灑催淚瓦斯的裝甲警車丟擲石塊,公車上布滿學生口號的塗鴉。
Television images showed some protesters, wearing T-shirts over their faces, throwing rocks at armored police vans that spewed tear gas in the capital Santiago. Buses were covered in student slogan graffiti (3).
警方預估,光是在首府聖地牙哥就有大約7萬名示威者,大多數示威者只是平和地進行遊行。這起遊行示威是總統品內拉去年上任以來最大規模的示威活動,品內拉當選後,結束長達20年的中間偏左治理。
Most of the protesters -- estimated by police at around 70,000 in the capital alone -- marched peacefully in one of the biggest rallies since President Sebastian Pinera took office last year, ending 20 years of center-left rule in Chile.
要接受國家教育,智利學生必須花上大筆學費。因此,多年來學生示威活動層出不窮,連續幾屆政府都為之所苦;這也對目前腹背受敵的中央政府增添了新的壓力。
Student protests have plagued successive governments in a country where students must pay towards their state education, and are piling fresh pressure on the embattled administration.
民調機構Adimark GfK本月公布的數據顯示,儘管品內拉上任以來,讓智利經濟從去年極具破壞性的地震災難中強力復甦,然因通過一具爭議性的水力發電計畫,今年5月品內拉的支持率達到新低,只有36%。
Pinera's approval rating hit a new low of 36 percent in May, a survey by pollster Adimark GfK showed this month, punished for his government's approval of a controversial hydro electric project and despite the strong economic recovery from the ravages of a devastating earthquake last year.
身為億萬富翁的品內拉,之前也因智利零售公司La Polar信用不正當的醜聞而受到重擊。該醜聞更造成智利股市劇烈震盪。批評家表示,智利政府無法善盡監督之責。
A billionaire, Pinera has also been buffeted by a scandal over credit irregularities at retailer La Polar <LAP.SN> that have sent shockwaves through the stock market. Critics say the government failed on oversight.
「這讓政府很難提前進行其立法議程。」紐約大學政治科學家納維亞表示。「人們對國會中發生的事不太注意。所以街頭上發生的政治動盪,還有La Polar的醜聞話題都讓政府專注於立法議程一事變得非常困難。」
"This makes it very difficult for the government to advance its legislative agenda," said Patricio Navia, a political scientist at New York University. "People are not paying attention to what happens in Congress, so the political upheaval in the streets and the La Polar issue too make it very difficult for the government to focus on its legislative agenda."
跛腳國會
HAMSTRUNG IN CONGRESS
智利政府可能會奮力推動一項改革計畫,內容包括透過國會協商,讓領退休金者的健康稅減少7%、產後福利和教育改革等立法。
The government will likely struggle to push through a plan to eliminate a 7 percent health contribution by pensioners (4), post-natal legislation and, ironically, education reforms that are being negotiated in Congress.
然而,對於要在這個全球最大銅礦生產國進行關鍵的資本市場改革,以促進流動性及確保智利金融市場的債務償付能力這點上,朝野較無爭議,一般認為可於國會中安全通過。
However key capital market reforms in the world's top copper producer, aimed at boosting liquidity and ensuring the solvency (5) of the country's financial markets, are less divisive, and seen to be safe.
目前智利政府已將整組改革方案以個別法案的方式送入國會,希望有助於加快法案的通過。目前已提交管制衍生性金融商品的法案,還有保險合約使用相關法案。
The government is sending components of that reform package to Congress as separate bills, hoping it will speed up their passage. It has already submitted bills that regulate derivatives, as well as the use of insurance contracts.
「我們希望政府聆聽學生們多年來的要求。」在聖地牙哥市中心遊行的學生卡薩雷斯表示。他身旁的其他學生則吹起口哨,或叫囂助陣。
"We want the government to listen to the demands students have had for years," said student Marco Caceres as he marched in the downtown Santiago, as others blew whistles and shouted.
保守派的品內拉2010年3月就任,上任後推動一系列勞工、健康、能源、選務和環境改革。然而,他的第一年任期主要都花在2010年2月強震的重建上。
Conservative Pinera took power in March 2010, pushing a raft of labor, health, energy, electoral and environmental reforms, although his first year was consumed with reconstruction after a massive quake in February 2010.
分析師表示,許多智利人覺得,他並沒有履行選舉時的承諾,減少貧窮以及提高生活水準。然而,在去年總統大選失利之後,智利中央偏左的反對黨也陷入不穩定的局勢。該黨派本身的支持率遠比品內拉來得低,只有23%。「由於智利目前並無制度化的反對黨,街頭示威活動正好填補了這個空缺。」政治分析師伊瑟列表示。
Analysts say many Chileans feel he has failed to deliver on pledges to reduce poverty and raise living standards. However Chile's center-left opposition is in disarray after losing last year's presidential election, and its own approval rating is far lower than Pinera's, at just 23 percent. "The street protests are filling the vacuum left by the fact there is no institutional opposition," said political analyst Ricardo Israel.
(路透 Reuters)
關鍵字詞
Key Words
1. tear gas
(n.) 催淚瓦斯
2. bus pass
(n.) 巴士月票
3. graffiti
(n.) 塗鴉
4. pensioner
(n.) 領退休金者
5. solvency
(n.) 無債務
以下文章來自: http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/110623/131/2tsc0.html
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